Steps toward an evolutionary personality psychology: Individual differences in the social rank domain.

A comprehensive evolutionary personality psychology can be developed by identifying individual differences within each of the evolved systems that regulate social behaviour. We developed a questionnaire measure of social rank style, defined as individual differences in preferred strategies for pursuing, defending, and, when necessary, relinquishing social rank. The 17-item Rank Style with Peers Questionnaire (RSPQ) comprises three nearly independent scales: dominant leadership, coalition-building, and ruthless self-advancement. A series of studies demonstrated that: (a) the RSPQ’s, factor structure is robust; (b) the three rank style variables are not redundant with the five-factor traits or adult attachment styles; (c) they are related in theoretically expected ways to adjustment outcomes, to agentic and communal interpersonal behaviours, and to social reputations; (d) they predict group and individual performance outcomes relevant to organisational psychology; and (e) they are related in theoretically expected ways to psychopathology, including social anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms. Future directions for research on social rank styles and prospects for an evolutionary personality psychology are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correction to Erbes, Curry, and Leskela (2009).

Reports an error in Treatment presentation and adherence of Iraq/Afghanistan era veterans in outpatient care for posttraumatic stress disorder by Christopher R. Erbes, Kyle T. Curry and Jennie Leskela (Psychological Services, 2009[Aug], Vol 6[3], 175-183). The copyright for the article was listed incorrectly. This article is in the Public Domain. The online version has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2009-12007-001.) The ongoing wars in Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom or OEF) and Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom or OIF) make the development and application of effective postdeployment mental health treatment programs a high priority. There has been some concern that existing treatment programs for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may not fit well with OEF/OIF veterans confronted with acute mental health difficulties while reestablishing community, familial, and occupational connections after their deployment. This study utilized data gathered from a large outpatient Veterans Affairs Medical Center PTSD treatment clinic to examine differences in initial treatment presentation and treatment adherence (attendance and dropout) between a group of Vietnam era veterans (n = 54) and a group of OEF/OIF veterans (n = 106). OEF/OIF veterans reported lower levels of symptom distress on questionnaires assessing posttraumatic reexperiencing, avoidance, dissociation, and arousal symptoms but similar levels of anger and acting out behaviors and higher levels of alcohol problems. OEF/OIF veterans had significantly lower rates of session attendance and higher rates of treatment dropout than Vietnam veterans, and this difference was not accounted for by differences in treatment presentation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

防空导弹系统可靠性对射击效率影响的评估

为评估防空导弹系统可靠性对射击效率的影响,将典型防空导弹系统处理成三级串并联系统,推证了导弹通道可靠性指标--发射准备程度和战斗准备程度等评估模型,提出了导弹通道故障时射击决策的优化方法,根据系统及导弹通道可靠性特点,建立了基于可靠性的射击效率评估模型.通过实例计算,得到了3个导弹通道配置6枚导弹、准备发射3枚导弹的概率及射击效率.研究表明,可靠性对射击效率的影响具有系统性、非线性和复杂性等特点.     

从儒家传统“义利”观论信息社会个体意识的觉醒

伦理学最核心、最基本的问题之一是义利之辨的问题。本文从儒家传统的义利之辨出发，结合信息社会的时代特点，探讨长久以来在这些思想影响下的中华民族过度强调集体意识和国家意识的民族特点，以及现阶段在不损害前两者利益的前提下应当更加呼唤个体意识等问题。     

基于层次分析法的炮兵营作战能力评估

影响炮兵营作战能力的因素有很多,且大多是不确定的,因此采用人员统计评估法、指数评估法进行作战能力评估存在一定的不确定度,利用层次分析法分析评估作战能力,评估结果可信度更高。     

Posttraumatic stress disorder patients' readiness to change alcohol and anger problems.

Notes that recovery from combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often complicated by unacknowledged problems with alcohol and anger. 102 males combat veterans (aged 42–63 yrs) entering a residential PTSD rehabilitation program completed University of Rhode Island Change Assessment and process-of-change questionnaires based on J. O. Prochaska and C. C. DiClemente's transtheoretical model (TTM; J. O. Prochaska et al, 1992). Separate assessments were made for alcohol abuse and anger control. Four motivational subtypes were identified for both problems. Motivation to change alcohol problems was independent of that for anger. Relative to less-motivated peers highly motivated patients were more like to spontaneously identify alcohol or anger as problems in their life and made greater use of change strategies specified by the TTM. These results support extension of the TTM to anger management and to PTSD management. Treatment implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Using working memory theory to investigate the construct validity of multiple-choice reading comprehension tests such as the SAT.

When taking multiple-choice tests of reading comprehension such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT), test takers use a range of strategies that vary in the extent to which they emphasize reading the questions versus reading the passages. Researchers have challenged the construct validity of these tests because test takers can achieve better-than-chance performance even if they do not read the passages at all. By using an individual-differences approach that compares the relative power of working memory span to predict SAT performance for different test-taking strategies, the authors show that the SAT appears to be tapping reading comprehension processes as long as test takers engage in at least some reading of the passages themselves. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

用建筑语言表达体育建筑的内在精神——清华东北区体育场馆规划设计

通过介绍清华大学东北区体育场馆的整体规划和单体场馆设计 ,向读者展现了建筑设计者是怎样用建筑语言来表达体育建筑的内在精神     

全工班个体呼吸性粉尘监测及防尘对策研究

阐述了全工班个体呼吸性粉尘监测系统性的监测方案、监测过程及效果分析,提出了有针对性的防尘对策。     

Personality–relationship transaction in young adulthood.

Personality and social relationships were assessed twice across a 4-year period in a general population sample of 489 German young adults. Two kinds of personality–relationship transaction were observed. First, mean-level change in personality toward maturity (e.g., increase in Conscientiousness and decrease in Neuroticism) was moderated by the transition to partnership but was independent of other developmental transitions. Second, individual differences in personality traits predicted social relationships much better than vice versa. Specifically, once initial correlations were controlled for, Extraversion, Shyness, Neuroticism, self-esteem, and Agreeableness predicted change in various qualities of relationships (especially with friends and colleagues), whereas only quality of relationships with preschool children predicted later Extraversion and Neuroticism. Consequences for the transactional view of personality in young adulthood are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)